The first question is not specific enough: what type of social media? Which people? What kind of effects? The second question defines its concepts more clearly. It is researchable through qualitative and quantitative data collection. Why is there a housing crisis in the Netherlands? What impact have university internationalisation policies had on the availability and affordability of housing in the Netherlands?
By targeting just one aspect of the problem and using more specific terms, the second question offers a clear path to finding an answer. Does the US or the UK have a better healthcare system? How do the US and the UK compare in health outcomes and patient satisfaction among low-income people with chronic illnesses?
The second question is much more researchable. It uses clearly defined terms and narrows its focus to a specific population. What should political parties do about low voter turnout in region X? What are the most effective communication strategies for increasing voter turnout among unders in region X? The second question is more specific, and aims to gain an understanding of possible solutions in order to make informed recommendations.
For example, the most methodologically sound randomized controlled trial comparing 2 techniques of distal radial fixation would have little or no clinical impact if the primary objective was to determine the effect of treatment A as compared to treatment B on intraoperative fluoroscopy time.
However, if the objective was to determine the effect of treatment A as compared to treatment B on patient functional outcome at 1 year, this would have a much more significant impact on clinical decision-making. Second, more meaningful surgeon—patient discussions could ensue, incorporating patient values and preferences with the results from this study. The following is an example from the literature about the relation between the research question, hypothesis and study objectives:.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for chronic patellar tendinopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rheumatology ;— Research question: How does low-intensity pulsed ultrasound LIPUS compare with a placebo device in managing the symptoms of skeletally mature patients with patellar tendinopathy?
The development of the research question is the most important aspect of a research project. A research project can fail if the objectives and hypothesis are poorly focused and underdeveloped. Useful tips for surgical researchers are provided in Box 3.
Designing and developing an appropriate and relevant research question, hypothesis and objectives can be a difficult task. The critical appraisal of the research question used in a study is vital to the application of the findings to clinical practice. Focusing resources, time and dedication to these 3 very important tasks will help to guide a successful research project, influence interpretation of the results and affect future publication efforts.
Perform a systematic literature review if one has not been done to increase knowledge and familiarity with the topic and to assist with research development. Seek careful input from experts, mentors, colleagues and collaborators to refine your research question as this will aid in developing the research question and guide the research study. Ensure that the research question and objectives are answerable, feasible and clinically relevant.
Competing interests: No funding was received in preparation of this paper. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Can J Surg v.
Can J Surg. Bradley A. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. DeGroote School of Medicine, the. Correspondance to: Dr. Bhandari, Wellington St. N, Ste. Accepted Jan This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Objectives of this article In this article, we discuss important considerations in the development of a research question and hypothesis and in defining objectives for research. Research question Interest in a particular topic usually begins the research process, but it is the familiarity with the subject that helps define an appropriate research question for a study.
Box 1 FINER criteria for a good research question F Feasible Adequate number of subjects Adequate technical expertise Affordable in time and money Manageable in scope I Interesting Getting the answer intrigues investigator, peers and community N Novel Confirms, refutes or extends previous findings E Ethical Amenable to a study that institutional review board will approve R Relevant To scientific knowledge To clinical and health policy To future research.
Open in a separate window. How to define your research problem A research problem is the specific issue, contradiction, or gap you will address. It gives your research a clear purpose and justification.
How to write a problem statement A problem statement is a short, clear explanation of the issue to be researched. It sets up the context, relevance and aims of the project. What are the characteristics of X? How has X changed over time? What are the main factors in X? How does X experience Y? How has X dealt with Y? What is the relationship between X and Y?
What is the role of X in Y? What is the impact of X on Y? How does X influence Y? What are the causes of X? What are the advantages and disadvantages of X? How effective is X?
How can X be achieved? What are the most effective strategies to improve X? How can X be used in Y? The teachers at school X do not have the skills to recognize or properly guide gifted children in the classroom. Examples of Close-ended Questions. A Likert scale question is a type of close-ended question that is structured as a 3-point, 5-point, or 7-point psychometric scale.
This type of question is used to measure the survey respondent's disposition towards multiple variables and it can be unipolar or bipolar in nature. Example of Likert Scale Questions. A rating scale question is a type of close-ended question that seeks to associate a specific qualitative measure rating with the different variables in research.
It is commonly used in customer experience surveys, market research surveys, employee reviews, and product evaluations. Example of Rating Questions. Knowing what bad research questions are would help you avoid them in the course of your systematic investigation.
These types of questions are usually unfocused and often result in research biases that can negatively impact the outcomes of your systematic investigation. A loaded question is a question that subtly presupposes one or more unverified assumptions about the research subject or participant. This type of question typically boxes the respondent in a corner because it suggests implicit and explicit biases that prevent objective responses.
Example of Loaded Questions. A negative question is a type of question that is structured with an implicit or explicit negator. Examples of Negative Questions. A l eading question is a type of survey question that nudges the respondent towards an already-determined answer.
It is highly suggestive in nature and typically consists of biases and unverified assumptions that point towards its premeditated responses. Examples of Leading Questions. With Formplus, you can create and administer your online research questionnaire easily. In the form builder, you can add different form fields to your questionnaire and edit these fields to reflect specific research questions for your systematic investigation.
Here is a step-by-step guide on how to create an online research questionnaire with Formplus:. The success of your research starts with framing the right questions to help you collect the most valid and objective responses. Be sure to avoid bad research questions like loaded and negative questions that can be misleading and adversely affect your research data and outcomes. Your research questions should clearly reflect the aims and objectives of your systematic investigation while laying emphasis on specific contexts.
To help you seamlessly gather responses for your research questions, you can create an online research questionnaire on Formplus. Create research questionnaires with Formplus' smart online survey tool. Every research starts with identifying a problem which is usually an existing gap in your field of study. Once you do this, the next step As a researcher, you can only find out the accuracy of your research if there are no factors to dispute your finding.
The confidence in the Hypothesis testing is as old as the scientific method and is at the heart of the research process. Research exists to validate or disprove In the medical field, it is unethical to not inform your patient of a process or a procedure you want to carry out on them.
It is required Pricing Templates Features Login Sign up. What is a Research Question? Types of Research Questions Research questions are broadly categorized into 2; that is, qualitative research questions and quantitative research questions.
Qualitative Research Questions A qualitative research question is a type of systematic inquiry that aims at collecting qualitative data from research subjects.
Types of Qualitative Research Questions Ethnographic Research Questions As the name clearly suggests, ethnographic research questions are inquiries presented in ethnographic research.
Examples of Ethnographic Research Questions Why do you use this product? Have you noticed any side effects since you started using this drug?
Does this product meet your needs? Case Studies A case study is a qualitative research approach that involves carrying out a detailed investigation into a research subject s or variable s.
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