What is the significance of chloroplast




















Plant Cell Physiol. NDH-mediated cyclic electron flow around photosystem I is crucial for C 4 photosynthesis. Accumulation of the components of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in C 4 plants, with respect to the requirements for ATP. Increased sensitivity of photosynthesis to antimycin A induced by inactivation of the chloroplast ndhB gene.

Evidence for a participation of the NADH-dehydrogenase complex to cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in C 3 plants.

In vivo control by the redox state of chloroplasts and involvement of the NADH-dehydrogenase complex. Physiology of PSI cyclic electron transport in higher plants.

Acta — Hunting the main player enabling Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth under fluctuating light. Elucidation of photoprotective mechanisms of PSI against the fluctuating light photoinhibition. The importance of energy balance in improving photosynthetic productivity.

Structure of the complex I-like molecule NDH of oxygenic photosynthesis. Recent advances on the structure and function of ndh the complex I of oxygenic photosynthesis.

Acta Bioenerg. Cold stress effects on PSI photochemistry in Zea mays : differential increase of FQR-dependent cyclic electron flow and functional implications. The function of chloroplastic NAD P H dehydrogenase in tobacco during chilling stress under low irradiance. Psb S-dependent enhancement of feedback de-excitation protects photosystem II from photoinhibition. Calcium chemical priming might play a significant role in relieving overnight chilling- dependent inhibition of photosynthesis in crops: a review.

Basic Clin. Over expression of the cyanobacterial Pgr5-homologue leads to pseudoreversion in a gene coding for a putative esterase in synechocystis Life 10 : Role of thylakoid Ndh complex and peroxidase in the protection against photo-oxidative stress: fluorescence and enzyme activities in wild-type and ndhF -deficient tobacco.

Six chloroplast genes ndhA-F homologous to human mitochondrial genes encoding components of the respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase are actively expressed: determination of the splice sites in ndhA and ndhB pre-mR-NAs.

Donation of electrons to the intersystem chain in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Thylakoid membrane-bound pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase complex mediates cyclic electron transport in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC Electron flow through NDH-1 complexes is the major driver of cyclic electron flow-dependent proton pumping in cyanobacteria. Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I is essential for photosynthesis. PGR5 is involved in cyclic electron flow around photosystem I and is essential for photo-protection in Arabidopsis.

Promotion of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I during the evolution of NADP-malic enzyme-type C 4 photosynthesis in the genus Flaveria. New Phytol. Contribution of NDH-dependent cyclic electron transport around photosystem I to the generation of proton motive force in the weak mutant allele of pgr5.

Maximal cyclic electron flow rate is independent of pgrl1 in Chlamydomonas. Biochemistry 50 — Mutants of Synechocystis PCC defective in inorganic carbon transport. The use of mutants in the analysis of the CO 2 -concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria. Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA. Structural basis for electron transport mechanism of complex i-like photosynthetic NAD P H dehydrogenase.

Plant Biol. Supercomplex formation with photosystem I is required for the stabilization of the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 21 — Structure and dynamics of thylakoids in land plants. Stimulation of chlororespiration by heat and high light intensity in oat plants. Plant Cell Environ. BBA- Bioenergetics. Phosphorus-fertilisation has differential effects on leaf growth and photosynthetic capacity of Arachis hypogaea L.

Plant Soil. Cyclic electron transport around photosystem I: genetic approaches. Annu Rev Plant Biol. Contribution of cyclic and pseudo-cyclic electron transport to the formation of proton motive force in chloroplasts.

Plant 10 20— The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. Plant Mol. Supplementary calcium restores peanut Arachis hypogaea growth and photosynthetic capacity under low nocturnal temperature. Photoinhibition of photosystem I. Activation of cyclic electron flow by hydrogen peroxide in vivo. Plant 9 — Differential use of two cyclic electron flows around photosystem I for driving CO 2 concentration mechanism in C 4 photosynthesis.

The response of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I to changes in photorespiration and nitrate assimilation. The costs of photorespiration to food production now and in the future. Role of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I in regulating proton motive force. Alterations in global patterns of gene expression in Synechocystis sp. Granum is the site of light reaction during photosynthesis while stroma is the site of dark reaction.

The enzyme complex that catalyzes the water - splitting reaction known as the oxygen-evolving complex contains manganese and calcium, and is located in photosystems embedded in thylakoid membranes within the chloroplast.

What is the significance of the stroma of the chloroplast? Category: science chemistry. Where is stroma found in the body? What is the function of grana and stroma? What is stroma made of? What process takes place in the stroma? How does the chloroplast work? What are the two main functions of chloroplasts? What is the function of the vacuole? What is chloroplast and its function? Why is the stroma important?

What is chloroplast made of? What is Thylakoid in biology? Where is the chloroplast located? What is Rubisco in biology? What is the function of the stomata? What are grana and stroma?

The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell, deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, which is…. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have the ability to provide cellular energy and they contain their own DNA that encodes some of the own proteins. Organelles that perform photosynthesis in photosynthetic cells of plants and algae are called chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts have three major compartments; the first compartment is the space that is in between the two membranes that surrounds the chloroplast. The next compartment is a thick fluid within the chloroplast called the storma. Then finally suspended in the fluid is a network of membrane-enclosed disks and tubes.

The double membrane that protects the nucleus is similar to the thin single membrane made up of proteins and lipids. The membrane controls the passing of substances entering…. The mitochondria, which is a bilayer structure that generates adenine triphosphate ATP , a form of energy SparkNotes: Intracellular Components. Peroxisome is also included in the intracellular organelles. This is a single-membrane structure that is found in all eukaryotic cells and functions to break down fatty….

Secondary lysosomes digest extracellular material of which is engulfed into the cell by a process called endocytosis. A phagocytic vesicle is pinched off from the cell plasma membrane and encloses the material to be digested. This vesicle fuses with the lysosome to form a phagolysosome complex. The acidic environment denatures macromolecules to increase their surface area for hydrolases to act.

Once broken down, the soluble, useful material such as sugars, amino acids and nucleotides are used by the cell as nutrients; they enter the cytosol through the lysosomal membrane by either facilitated diffusion or active transport. Rough endoplasmic has a surface dotted with proteins and the smooth endoplasmic is made up of tubules which increases surface area.

They insure there is more surface area for cell reactions. Also involved in making nuclear membranes during the division of cells. Carbohydrates and proteins are transported to different organelles including lysosomes and plasma membrane. Golgi body- they are only found in eukaryotic cells.



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